Nicotine & Dopamine

     Nicotine addiction is a complex condition affecting millions globally. Dopamine plays a central role in those struggling to quit.  When nicotine is inhaled, it rapidly enters the brain and stimulates the release of dopamine, creating feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. This surge in dopamine reinforces the behavior, making the individual more likely to continue using nicotine to experience the same pleasurable effects. Addiction to nicotine is driven by both positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement occurs when nicotine use leads to pleasurable feelings, encouraging repeated use due to the dopamine rush and sense of euphoria. Negative reinforcement involves using nicotine to avoid unpleasant feelings or withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and cravings. 

    The reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) theory helps explain why some individuals are more susceptible to nicotine addiction. RDS suggests that some people have an underactive reward system, meaning their brains produce lower levels of dopamine or have fewer dopamine receptors. These individuals may seek out substances like nicotine to compensate for this deficiency and achieve the feelings of pleasure and reward they naturally lack. This creates a cycle where nicotine use becomes a primary method of achieving a sense of well-being. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-023-00058-z#:~:text=Like%20most%20addictive%20drugs%2C%20nicotine,in%20mood%20modulation%20and%20appetite.